(This post is an excerpt from Maim Your Characters: How Injuries Work in Fiction.)
First off, let me be clear about what I mean when I say the
word scars. I’m not talking about the
medical definition: rough tissue that overlies a wound as it heals over time.
I’m using a broader definition of any physical evidence of a previous injury.
That can be the amputated hand, the limp from a spinal cord
injury.
It can also include tattoos. (Maui’s moving tattoos in Moana are a perfect example of this: his
tattoos are a physical embodiment of where he’s been.)
Scars, by this broad definition, are an interesting
shorthand for a story, whether we actually see that tale or not. We use them as
a way to say there’s a story here.
Sometimes our global story gives us the chance to tell it, sometimes not; either
way, scars can be an interesting way to add depth to a character.
In fact, sometimes a scar is integral to explaining and
understanding who that character is.
For example, we know that Peter Pan’s Captain Hook has been involved in some fierce battles,
because he lost his hand – and had it replaced with his legendary pirate hook.
That hook is a symbol of the cold cruelty he now gives off.
The eponymous Harry Potter wouldn’t truly be Harry without
his lightning-bolt forehead scar. For Harry, it’s not just about his past, it’s
about his future: his fate and the fate of the scar-giver are intertwined, a
battle that will determine the fate of the world. Worse, it’s all inscribed on
his forehead, for everyone to see.
Darth Vader’s scars in Star
Wars are extensive, so much so that they shroud his identity completely.
While we see the faces of the heroes, and even of Emperor Palpatine himself,
Vader’s wounds require a respirator mask that obscures his face and makes him
the terrifying villain he is. He’s actually turned the support system he needs
to stay alive – a depersonalizing suit and respirator – into something useful,
a mask to terrify his enemies. Vader’s life is, in some ways, enhanced by his disability, and he’s
certainly comfortable moving in his world with the scars he’s got.
In Moana, the
demigod Maui’s scars are branded on him as tattoos. These are the stories of
who he’s been and where he goes. When hero-protagonist Moana asks him where
they come from, he tells her, “They show up when I earn them.”
This isn’t dissimilar to the battle scars on an old soldier,
sailor, or mercenary: their wounds are manifested on their flesh.
But if scars are
shorthand for a story, if they’re someone’s past writ large, we need to honor
that character in the way we represent them. If we elect to give a character
scars, they should represent not a plot
but a story, something that not only
wounds the character but drives them to change internally.
As an example, I’m going to tell you the story of two of my
personal scars. At the end we’ll discuss which one would go into a story about
me, and why.
Scar #1: The Knife Point.
When I was six or seven, I was trying to get some corn off the cob — I wanted
to eat it in kernel form for some reason, and I was using a kitchen knife. I
got the corn off all right — and drove the point of the knife straight into the
webbing between my thumb and forefinger on my left hand. Ouch!
(Actually, it didn’t hurt, it was the sheer volume of blood
that was terrifying).
I changed in that I learned not to do that specific task
(cutting corn off the cob) that specific way (driving the knife toward my
hand).
But it’s not a marker of who I am.
Scar #2: The Bite
Mark. Let’s consider another scar, also on my left hand. There’s an old
bite mark by the heel of my hand, at the base of my left thumb.
It happened like this: I was fifteen or so, and my
neighbor’s dog, Clancy, wasn’t doing well. He was old and he was sick. That day
he had become too sick to get up. It was time for my neighbor to take him to
the vet and say goodbye.
She had him on a blanket. But he was a big dog, and the vet
was far, and she didn’t have a car, and so our neighbor came to ask me and my
mom to help get him to the vet. Of course we said yes. We liked her, but more
importantly, we loved animals. (Both my mother and I had worked at the vet at
one point or another.)
When we went to move him by picking up the blanket and
moving him to the car, Clancy reached out and bit me. Not because he was a bad
dog, not because he was out to hurt me. He bit me because he was scared and
sick and hurt and he didn’t know what to do.
I didn’t feel anger at Clancy, and I didn’t turn afraid of
him. I felt sympathy. His act hurt my
skin. His pain broke my heart.
So when we got him to the vet, while they were easing his
pain and saying goodbye, I calmly and quietly washed my wound in the sink with
an antiseptic.
I learned something about myself in that moment.
I learned that healing really is a calling for me. That I
was glad we had cared for him and that I was able to help him on his final
journey. I was glad to know Clancy. I wasn’t mad, or hurt, even though my hand
stung from the antiseptic.
That scar helped me find my internal true north.
Now, which of those scars has meaning? Which of them would
you want to include if you were writing me as a character? Which do you think
would make it into a memoir, if I wrote one? It’s most certainly the second,
the one that helped me figure out who I am, the one that drove me to learn about
myself. The first is something that happened; the second is something that
changed me.
It’s stories like these that you should use in order to
figure out who your characters are – and how to honor them.
Let’s Talk Tattoos.
Tattoos are interesting in that they can be another, more interesting set of shorthand. Unless your
character has a Maui-like situation going on, her tattoos won’t simply appear.
She’ll not only have to choose what
story she wants to represent on her flesh, but she’ll have to choose how to
express that story in an image. Then comes the pain of the ritual
scarification: the injection of ink under the skin, a microbaptism in pain and
blood and pigment.
Tattoos are absolutely fascinating.
Because they don’t typically connect to physical wounds so much as to emotional
ones, they’re a really great piece of shorthand for getting into the depths of
who someone truly is.
My own tattoos are direct messages to myself about how I
should live in the world. They’re an easily visible piece of guidance that
explores what my role is and should be in the world.
Of course, not all tattoos have this deeper meaning. People
choose to tattoo things on themselves for a hundred different reasons, the
aesthetics of the design being one of them. Some tattoos are simply trendy. I’m
not here to judge anyone’s ink!
But if you’re going to cover a character in tattoos,
consider having each of them explore a deeper facet of that character’s
personality and the journey they’ve been on.
How to Use Scars
Effectively
As we said above, scars are a shorthand for a story.
Prominent scars, particular facial or obvious hand scars, are a constant source
of tension and questions. When someone has a big scar on their face, we find
our eyes drawn to it, a question forming on our tongue: What happened?
But the What happened?
isn’t as important as How did it change
you? And so my general recommendation with scars is twofold and
contradictory:
One: only
introduce scars if it’s an incredibly important part of a character’s past.
Two: only
introduce scars if it’s an incredibly important part of a character’s future.
So why the two recommendations? Why the contradiction?
Characters are constantly moving, if not in space, then
through time. Their scars shape their past, which shapes where they are now and
where they’re going.
If a scar is germane to a character’s past, it helps establish where they’re coming from and what their
experiences have been.
But those experiences are only important if that
scar-causing event is relevant to their future.
The scar a sea captain got fending off pirates once upon a
time doesn’t have much to add if his current quest is finding new plumbing for
his house. His scar isn’t relevant, unless it intimidates the shady plumber
into giving him a better price. Even then, it’s a shallow connection.
Consider the old injury (and its scar) to be a cause.
Ask: what was the effect?
If your character got a scar on their eyebrow from a bike accident when she was
seven, that scar doesn’t mean anything… unless that was the bike accident where
she failed to protect and save her kid brother, which makes her overprotective
and hypercautious now.
If she crashed her bike as a kid and merely went on with her
life… what was the point? Why tell that story with a scar so visible?
Remember that the point of a story is that people change. If a scar doesn’t
fundamentally shape a character, consider simply leaving it out. Window
dressing is just that: window dressing.
What we want is to give more insight into who your character is.
Avoiding Wandering
Scar Syndrome
Wandering Scar Syndrome is when a character’s scar is on
their left eye on Page 3 and their right cheek on Page 12. It’s simply a
symptom of not taking good notes.
There are two techniques I’m going to suggest here.
The first is, keep character sheets. Many writers choose to
do this, many do not. But especially if you’re going to wallpaper your
character with scars and tattoos, it’s worth writing down where they are and
what they look like. In fact, copy/pasting the way they were originally
described into a separate document is particularly helpful in being sure your
descriptions stay consistent throughout the story. It’s a pain in the butt for
a moment, but it helps so much with
consistency down the line!
Another option is to use [brackets] as an aside.
What do I mean?
Let’s say you talk about a minor character in two different
places in the story, chapters — even acts apart.
Kitty Scarborough was
the best fighter in town, and she bore the scars to prove it. [Kitty Scar
Description — line on her face?] Or, [scar TK]
TK is the
editor’s mark for To Come, a placeholder of sorts, and it’s useful for all
kinds of things: Name TK, Dog Breed TK, Red sports car [make/model TK], etc. (Once
upon a time, this book was littered with TKs .)
Later, we can pull it back up: A tall redhead walked through the door. Kitty Scarborough was easy to
recognize, especially by her [Kitty Scar Description].
Why does this work? Why is this helpful?
Because it allows us to maintain flow as a writer. If we
know Kitty’s got scars from fighting, we can come up with what exactly those
look like later. (We’re using them as evidence of her toughness and battle
prowess, not for a particular meaning behind each individual scar she’s got.)
So when we describe Kitty, we don’t need to spend ten minutes racking our brain
for a cool scar to give her — we can do that later. All we need to drop into
our first draft is [Kitty scar] and we can move on!
This works for all sorts of details, from car models to hair
colors to background characters’ names, so don’t think it’s just a scar
locater!
Later on we can come back, look through our manuscript with
the magical Find tool, and simply search for that left bracket, [ . Anything
that comes up can be filled in with your text!
Want a good scar
generator, including ideas for how it
shaped the character?Visit MaimYourCharacters.com/Scars
!
This post is an excerpt from Maim Your Characters, from Even Keel Press. If you’d like to read a 100-page sample of the book, [click here]. If you’d like to order a print copy, it’s available [via Amazon.com], and digital copies are available from [a slew of retailers].
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